s1 school: introduction

Flowchart in a combination of two words flow and chart. A chart consists of different symbols to display information about any program. Flow indicates the direction of processing that takes place in the program.<br />
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         Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm. it is a way of visually presenting the flow of data, operations performed on data and sequence of these operations.Flowchart is similar to the layout plan of a building.  A designer draws the layout plan of the building before constructing it. Similarly, a programmer prefers to design the flowchart before writing the computer program. Flowchart is designed according to the defined rules.<br />
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<b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Uses of logic flowchart:-</span></span></b></h2>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Flowchart is
used for the following reason:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Flowchart is used to represent an
algorithm in simple graphical manner.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Flowchart is used to show the step of
an algorithm in an easy way.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Flowchart is used to understand the
flow of the program.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Flowchart is used to improve the
logic for solving a problem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Programs can be reviewed and debugged
easily.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Flowchart Symbols:-</span></span></b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Flowchart uses simple symbols to show different types of
statements:</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. Input/output</span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Parallelogram
symbol is used to represent an input or output step. Input statement is used to
get input from the user. The output statement is used to display a message to
the user or to display a value.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>2 Process</b></span></div>
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Rectangle symbol is used to represent a process step. A process may be a complex calculation or simply an assignment statement.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>3. Selection</b></span></div>
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Diamond symbol is used to represent a selection step. A condition is given in the diamond, The flow of control from diamond may do in two directions i.e. One direction if the condition is true and the second direction if the condition is false.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>4. Start/End</b></span></div>
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Oval symbol is used to represent the start or end of the flowchart.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>5. Flow Lines</b></span></div>
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Arrow symbols are used to represent the direction of flow in the flowchart. There are four types of flow lines.</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>6. Connector</b></span></div>
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Circle symbol is used to combine different flow lines. it is used  when two or more flow symbols come from different and move to one direction.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>7. Function Call</b></span><br />
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Rectangle symbol with double lines on left and right sides is used to call a function. The name of function with parameter is written inside the symbol.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>8. Preparation</b></span><br />
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This symbol is used  with for loops to specify start and stop conditions.<br />
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if you have any question about This lecture or have any suggestion for us you can comment blow. Thanks<br />
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flowchart

Flowchart in a combination of two words flow and chart. A chart consists of different symbols to display information about any program. Flow...

<h2>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Problem Solving:- </span></h2>
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<b>Problem Solving </b>is a process of identifying a problem and finding the best solution for it. Problem solving is a skill that can be developing by the following a well organized approach. We solve different problem in our life. Every problem is different in its nature. Some problems are very difficult and require more attention to identify the solution. A problem may be solved in different ways. One solution may be faster, less expensive and more reliable then others. it is important to select the best suitable solution.</div>
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              Different strategies, technique and tools are used to solve the problems. Computers are used as a tool to solve complex problems by developing computer programs, Computer programs contain different instruction for computer. A programmer writes instructions and computer run these instructions to solver the problem. A person can be good programmer if he has the skill of solving the problems. Different problems-solving techniques are as follows:-</div>
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<li>Program </li>
<li>Algorithm </li>
<li>Flowchart ETC.</li>
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Now we Discuss These techniques in details.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Programs:-</span></b></h3>
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A set of instruction that tells a computer what to do is called <b>Program.</b>  A computer works according to the given instructions in the program. Computer programs are written in the programming languages. A person who develops a program is called <b>programmer</b>. The programmer develops programs to instruct the computer how to process data to convert into information. Programmer uses programming languages to write programs. </div>
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Advantages of Computer Program:-</h3>
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Different Advantages of computer program are as follows:-</div>
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<li>A computer program can solve many problems by giving instructions to computer.</li>
<li>A computer program can be used to perform a task repeatedly and quickly.</li>
<li>A computer program can process a large amount of data.</li>
<li>it can display the results in different styles.</li>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Algorithms & Pseudo Code:-</span></h3>
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An algorithm is a step by step procedure to solve a problem. The process of solving a problem becomes simpler and easier with help of algorithm. it is better to write algorithm before writing tha actual computer program.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Properties of algorithm:- </b></span></div>
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Following are some properties of algorithm:-</div>
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<li>The given problem should be broken down into simple and meaningful steps.</li>
<li>the steps should be numbered sequentially.</li>
<li>the steps should be descriptive and written in simple English.</li>
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Algorithm are written in a language that is similar to simple English called <b>Pseudo Code. </b>There is no standard to write Pseudo Code. it is used to specify program logic in an English like manner that  is independent of any particular programming languages. </div>
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Pseudo code simplifies program development by separating it into two main parts.</div>
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<li style="text-align: left;">Logic Design</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Coding</li>
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We discuss these parts in details </div>
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<b>1. Logic Design:-</b></div>
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              In this part, the logic of the program is designed. We specify different steps required to solve the problems and the sequence of these steps.</div>
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<b>2. Code:- </b></div>
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           In this part, the algorithm is converted into a program. The steps of algorithm ate translated into instructions of any programming language.</div>
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               the use of pseudo code allows the programmer to focus on the planning of the program. After the planning is final, it can be written in any programming language. </div>
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<b>Examples of Algorithm:-</b></div>
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Example No.1.<br />
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The following algorithm inputs two numbers, calculates sum and the displays the result on screen.<br />
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<li>start</li>
<li>input A</li>
<li>input<b> B </b></li>
<li>Total = A+B</li>
<li>Display total </li>
<li>Exit</li>
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Example No.2</div>
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The following algorithm inputs radius from the user and calculates the area of circle.</div>
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(Hint: Area = 3.14*radius*radius)</div>
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<li>Start</li>
<li>input radius in r </li>
<li>area=3-14* r*r </li>
<li>print area </li>
<li>End</li>
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Advantages of algorithm:- </span></span></h3>
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Some advantages of algorithm are as follows:-</div>
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<b>1. Reduced Complexity</b></div>
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<b>        </b>Writing algorithm and program separately simplifies the overall task by dividing it into two simpler tasks.</div>
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<b>2. Increased Flexibility:-</b></div>
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<b>         </b>algorithm is written so that the code may be written in any language. using the algorithm, the program could be written in Visual Basic, Java, or C++ etc.</div>
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<b>3. Ease of understanding:-</b></div>
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<b>            </b>it is not necessary to understand a particular programming language to understand an algorithm. it is written in an English like number.</div>
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If you have any question about This lecture you can comment me. Feel free to contact me.</div>
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Introduction To Programming

Problem Solving:- Problem Solving is a process of identifying a problem and finding the best solution for it. Problem solving is a skill...